Case Study †Profitel Inc Essay

Decision maker: Lars Peeters, along with his team of executives Question 1: Which perspective of leadership best explains the problems experienced in this case? Analyze the case using concepts discussed in that leadership perspective. Leadership is defined as the collective effectiveness and successes of organizations members by influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute. In this case Lars Peeters, newly appointed CEO of Profitel, fails to maintain his role by lacking key ingredients central for effective leadership. Together with his executive team he hired from his previous employment, weaken Profitel’s image and success with customers, government leaders and even employees. Listed below are perspectives of leadership I have identified in this case that best explain the problems at hand: Contingency Perspective– Lars had not diagnosed Profitels’s situation thoroughly and adapted their style and objectives to fit that situation. Instead of using the employee’s thoughts and insights as a powerful recourses, Lars went ahead with his team of executives and implemented his strategies disregarding any feedback. Behavioral Perspective– Although Lars displays task-oriented behavior by pushing company to reach a certain goal, he lacks in people-oriented behavioral skills. This could explain for his disregard to his subordinates trust and lack of employee morale. Transformational Perspective– Lars failed to create a strategic vision for Profitel. By using one he could have build employee morale by increasing commitment and rewarding based on performances. Questions 2: What can organizations do to minimize the leadership problems discussed above? In this case Profitel’s broad based there to hire Lars as CEO based on reputation rather than focusing on how his expertise could benefit their company. Lars took incentive in implementing all major decisions without others input or involvement. The board of directors seemed to have minimal role in the company’s development and should have taken more precautions like overseeing major decisions. Also they should have evaluated his internal performance through feedback from employees and external performance through customers.

Without Pity

September 4th 2012 RH 200 / Merar REACTION PAPER (JOURNAL) by Raymond Alvarez, Jr. I though the people profiled in  Without Pity: A Film About Abilities represented a fair cross-section of disabled individuals struggling against the world's obstacles, to gain control of how they will eventually live. One story that really hit home with me was Charlie. Being born with no legs and arms, Charlie showed great adaptation and intelligence and had such a go-getter attitude.He attends school with the help of a special wheelchair, and aside from his obvious disability, was very well accepted by everyone who got to know him. Charlie inspired me tremendously. His Mom and Dad are also very admirable in how they chose to let Charlie live a great life, and with so much determination to be a normal kid. I got teary eyed, not because of his disability, but because of his triumph in life. God has big plans for such a little guy. Charlie has a great message to deliver to this world.The other story, which I could most relate too was Josh. In his mid 20's, a motorcycle accident paralyzed him. (I grew up riding motorcycles, and at any moment could have had a life changing accident. ) With obvious and understandable frustration, Josh shares the pains of being a quadriplegic. It took so much courage to share (on camera) the anger he suffers. He lost the love of his life amidst it all. The Victory was seeing him overcome to become, and eventually finishing his dream of college.I only pray to have that much courage to persevere if ever to face a life changing disability. I could only imagine it being much harder experiencing a major disability later in life as Josh did. Charlie never experience life with arms and legs, so in a graceful way, that may have made adjusting to his disability easier. Either way, they were a great testimony to (in my opinion) God's loving grace, and the tremendous power of the holy (and human) spirit! What a great movie!

Aspects of microeconomics and macroeconomics

Aspects of microeconomics and macroeconomics On this assignment will be looking into different aspect of microeconomics and macroeconomics, will be taken into consideration the definition and concept of the whole question as follow below. Part 1 (Micro section) Q1 To help understands by defining Demand that is the quantity of a good which consumers want, and are prepared and able to pay for. In this case the demand of organic food and drink has fallen sharply, and the main influence for fallen on demand for those products are: price; income; the price of substitute goods; the price of complements; taste; demographic factors; advertising and expectations. Price is one of the most important factors and it shift demand curve when it rises, the effect is shown by a movement along the demand curve, because consumers are likely to substitute cheaper alternative goods. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/en/c/c1/DemandCurveMovementExample2.png The demand curve is downward-sloping, showing that as a price falls, demand rises, and vi ce versa. In this graphic, a reduction of price from P2 to P1 causes a rise in demand from Q2 to Q1. Usually, the more people earn, the more they will spend. The demand for most goods increase as income rises, and these goods are known as normal goods. And organic food and drink are normal goods, because the demand falls as consumers’ income falls, and vice versa. Demand can change sometimes, because of the expectation of price changes in the future. For example, post-Christmas sales may push customers to postpone spending until January. In an article entitled Food Price, Ellis makes the point that (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) â€Å"The proportion of shoppers buying organic food dropped by five per cent in the previous year. In July 2009, research carried out by marketing consultancy Cohn and Wolfe also reported that British shoppers are turning their backs on premium foods, organic produce and Fair-trade goods. According to the Cohn and Wolfe report, 69 per cent of shoppers say they i ntend to stick to their belt-tightening shopping practices even after the downturn ends† (†¦). www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/foodprices.shtml#what_about_the_recession. Q2 The production possibility frontier illustrates the problems of scarcity and choice and the opportunity cost of resources allocation decisions. The opportunity cost of something is what you give up to get it. To understand the idea the economy, which produce two goods as manufacturing and financial services, with all resources employed, producing more financial services can only be achieved by some sacrifice on manufacturing services. It can be illustrated on diagram below shown. B A 0 The frontier shows all the maximum possible outputs given the economy’s existing quantity of resources. It can have any combination of goods along the line. Point A shows a society which is failing to use all of its resources to the full, either through inefficiency or unemployment. Point B is currently unachievab le, but can be achieved throw economic growth. The shape of the curve is bowed outwards to the origin, is based on the notion of that society progressively allocates more resources to the production of a particular good, the opportunity cost of doing so will increase. In other words the curve is bold because the more input the less is the output.

Design and the Implementation of Knowledge Management System Research Proposal

Design and the Implementation of Knowledge Management System - Research Proposal Example On the other hand Maier (2007) defined Knowledge management system as a system that integrates knowledge pertaining to culture, information technology infrastructure and employees’ intellect of an organization. The heightened valuation of business entity on basis of their intellectual capital and prevalence of information has made knowledge management system key determinant of the success or failure of a firm. The main objective of this project will be to study the design and implementation of knowledge management system (KMS) in relation to the management of cultural, leadership and technological information of Samsung electronics. The project intends to examine existing conceptual models of knowledge, KMS implementation success factors and potential hindrance to KMS. The paper will employ case study method to achieve the highlighted objectives. Therefore, the methodology will entail detailed contextual analysis of literature review relating to Samsung electronics KMS. The study will thus examine reports and secondary sources of information detailing the design and implementation of KMS by Samsung electronics. In addition, subsequent analysis will identify barriers, strengths and weakness of the system to Samsung electronics. In conclusion, deductions from the evaluation and analysis of the KMS will be employed to prepare a report (Yin,

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Book Review - Essay Example Whats more important, Heckel says, is understanding how the strategies and approaches used in Alexanders time are still the same today, after you make allowances for changes in technology. "Field Marshall Mongomery thought that even in the twentieth century the fundamental principles of war had not changed since ancient times" (ix). Heckels book is designed to argue against the hero worship of Alexander the Great and to move away from the investigations of his personality in order to look more objectively at his actual accomplishments and defeats. Heckel is an appropriate person to have written such a book because he is a professor in the department of Greek and Roman studies at the University of Calgary. He has studied Alexander the Great for a long time and has written several books about him. He is also on the board of dedicated newsletters regarding this time period and he has helped with translations of ancient text about the time of Alexander the Great. This goal of providing a realistic overview of Alexanders accomplishments and their importance to todays leaders is carried through the major chapters of the book. The book is organized into nine major chapters, but they are not necessarily the chronological sequence one might expect for such a book. Heckel starts the book with a preface that explains his primary goal in writing the book and then provides an extensive timeline graph of Alexanders life and some maps that show the growth of his empire. This is finally followed by a generalized introduction to the historical figure he discusses as well as why Alexander is considered so great for todays leaders. In establishing the context leading up to Alexander, Heckel continues to relate events to similar events today. An example of this is when he says, "The extent of Persian intervention is doubtless exaggerated, but there was

Effects of Technology in Administrative Office Systems Essay

Effects of Technology in Administrative Office Systems - Essay Example Technology has been a source of ease and comfort for man but along with innumerable advantages, it has bought with it certain drawbacks as well. Excessive dependence upon technology and its practically implemented turnaround such as Smartphone, the Internet and tablet PCs has shown signs of certain disadvantages that may have long-lasting effects if not addressed timely. Since connectivity to the internet is not an issue anymore it is possible to access both personal and office related work via the internet just about any time during the day. All one needs to do is to log into the internet and begin to access your work while even sitting at your home.For some people this may seem like a precious facility but the fact is that excessive usage of this facility is leading to personality disorders among individuals. Writing in the New York Times author Tara Parker-Pope maintains that," Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. ... It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone ..."It is vital to state here that though it is important to make use of technology throughout the day this usage should be constrained and should not affect the personal responsibilities of an individual. Tara Parker-Pope also emphasizes in her article that excessive dependence upon technology emerges like a disease that needs to be treated just like any other psychological disorder. Not only does this dependence make a person negligent of his responsibilities towards himself and his family he may even turn out to become beholders of virtual personalities which are entirely different from their own individual existence. This war of an individual with his own self is mainly overcome by the virtual self leading to devastating effects in the days to come. While technology has begun to have adverse affects upon the personalities of individuals, the core advantages that it has bought to the human society greatly outweigh drawbacks associated with it. Administrative Offices have many organizational and managerial tasks at hand. It is imperative that their details be discussed in order to narrate the changes that would be bought with the fusion of technology in them. For a conventional office system administrative tasks may merely be as simple as the maintenance of records of the employees working for an organization and the maintenance and generation of their payroll, regularly, on a monthly basis to the strategic tasks as those involving major business decision making. A number of tasks that may be assisted greatly by the infusion of technology are: Recording and Managing of Organizational data. Maintenance of records of purchases, products and merchandise. Business related human interactions. Accounting. Communications in business. Organization in business. Correspondence and Collaboration. Strategic Decision Making. Managing of administrative knowledge, in a knowledgeable manner is the key to betterment in the implementation of these processes. Shannak (2010) researched the effect of managing knowledge upon administrative decision making and quotes the following as part of his research, "Knowledge Management is a technique that seeks to improve the performance of individuals and organizations by making use of the present and future value of knowledge assets. It is presumed that the performance will be improved by

The Influence of Technology on Contemporary Strategic Marketing Essay

The Influence of Technology on Contemporary Strategic Marketing Management Practices - Essay Example This essay also explores how strategic marketing management practices have been strengthened by conventional and latest information technologies. Examples from the health care organisation are used to support the arguments. An Overview Above all, it is important to consider the concept of ‘strategic marketing management’ to examine how technology has influenced marketing. As defined by Jobber (1998), strategic marketing management is â€Å"the approach a firm takes to securing and retraining profitable relationships with its customers.†2 It was demonstrated by Leverick and colleagues (1998) that numerous organisations have transformed their marketing strategies through the influence of technology.3 For instance, in the manner an organisation communicates with or approaches its customers and the way it carries out marketing activities. Technology, in particular, information technology (IT), helps an organisation build competitive advantage, enhance managerial outco mes, and attain more accurate and wide-ranging environmental scanning. As stated by Porter and Miller (1985), â€Å"the usage of IT enables companies to increase internal efficiency.†4 The application of information technology in marketing strategy has been talked about since the 1960s. Yet, it is only recently that strategic management has been gradually reinforced or remodelled by information technology5 (e.g. Internet marketing, database marketing, decision support systems (DSS), etc). Gaur and colleagues (2003) supports the earlier assumption that â€Å"the technological revolution is changing the nature and activities of the marketing function.†6 Traditional and emerging technologies allow the customer to communicate efficiently, directly, and openly with the marketers. By means of technology, companies are becoming increasingly informed about their customers in a more cost-effective way, which allows them to carry out direct marketing, particularly via interactiv e technology. According to Foskett (1996), the Internet has transformed marketing ‘from mass marketing to customised one-to-one marketing’7; the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) views e-marketing as a quantum leap for marketing because it facilitates genuinely customised and individualised marketing, availability of lower costs and the mass market for smaller companies.8 However, in the 1980s and 1990s, oversupply of information/data became a crucial problem. Data overload resulted in less accurate and appropriate management data. Technology created the groundwork for a better data management to work out this issue.9 Information technology provides ingenious processes of data gathering about customers’ needs, behaviour, and character. Examples of these data collection methods are online surveys or electronic mail surveys. Database methods, in addition to the Internet, have a considerable effect on strategic marketing as they help marketers refine outcomes i n seven major areas10: (1) understanding customers; (2) managing customer services; (3) understanding the market; (4) understanding the competitors; (5) managing sales operations; (6) managing marketing campaigns; (7)

Course Project - Best Buy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Project - Best Buy - Research Paper Example In 1981, Schulze attended a weeklong management seminar which made him take a step in expanding the Sound of Music’s to include VCRs and other appliances. Later on in 1984 he introduced the superstore format which greatly expanded warehouse sizes and product offerings leading to quick capture a large portion of the market (Pederson & Gant, 2004). During the late 1980s, competitive companies were established since they realized the huge profits made by Best Buy Company from the superstore format and from the sale of hot ticket consumer items such as VCRs (Pederson & Gant, 2004). Highland Superstores a chief competitor to Best Buy Company, made it decline its net earnings after entering Best Buy’s core Twin Cities market in early 1987 (Pederson & Gant, 2004). For some time, both companies benefited from the market share increases and profits, but finally the market was overcrowded by other stores who were competing for the same dollars. The decreased profits by Best Buy Company made Schulze come up with the idea of building Concept II stores in 1989, which would make the company more noticeable from the competition since the average customer recognized little difference among the superstores (Votteler, 2002). The idea behind Concept II stores was to ensure that shoppers were entering electronic discount stores which had limited need for sales aid and a desire for hassle free buying which would ensure no waiting for merchandise from the back room or switching from counter to counter. Thus, the Best Buy stores would have well stocked showrooms, fewer salespeople, more self help product information, one stop purchasing of products and answer centers for those with questions. These were some of the best effective strategies used by Best Buy Company to fight off competition. In April 1991, Highland stores exited the metropolitan area, conceding defeat and

MicromidIK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MicromidIK - Essay Example It shows the relationship between price and the supply of goods in the market. The figure below demonstrates the relationship of price and supply. Increase of the prices of goods in the market, results in an increase of goods supplied. Production possibilities frontier Production possibility frontier is a curve that compares the rate of production of goods. For example, if there are two kinds of goods, guns and butter, and all resources are fully employed while technology remains fixed then the production of more guns would require more resources (capital and labour) moved from production of butter to guns. Absolute advantage Absolute advantage is a term used to denote situation where some countries produce certain goods more efficiently than other countries. The cost of production of goods differs from one country to another. Moreover, the skill and technology utilised in production differs. Therefore, absolute advantage is a term used to explain the ability of a country to produce goods and services more efficiently than other countries. For example, countries that produce products like steel, automotive better than other countries are said to have an absolute advantage. Marginal utility In explaining the term marginal utility, it is important to understand the term utility. Utility is a satisfaction or a gain consumer get after consumption of a commodity. Marginal utility, therefore, explains the extra satisfaction a consumer gets after consuming an extra unit of a commodity. Marginal utility is the additional benefit or satisfaction that consumers derive when they spend additional dollar to an extra unit of a commodity or service. Marginal utility also explains the diminishing utility when consumer buys more of a product or service that they already had. Example, a family with five members will need bread for breakfast where each person’s gets three slices of bread. However, if they decide to take extra bread the satisfaction or Utils from the extra bread diminishes. Inferior goods Inferior goods are differentiated from normal goods by their response to increases in income. Unlike normal goods, the demand for inferior goods decreases as income increases. Consumers of inferior goods prefer buying high priced goods when they can afford them. For example, when incomes are low, consumers travel by bus, but when income increases people buy cars and stop travelling by bus. Therefore, bus riding decline as incomes increases. Perfectly elastic demand Elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of changes in demand as a result of factors that affect the demand for goods and service. Therefore, perfectly elastic demand is a where a small change in the affecting factor (price) causes a high or extreme response of demand. Perfectly elastic demand curve has a horizontal curve with a slope equal to zero. In the above diagram, the demand of goods is zero, and above the price of $20 while it is infinite at a price below $20. Producer surplus Pr oducer surplus is the difference between what a producer is able to supply to the market and the actual demand that the market offer under a particular price and time. The situation where the producers are unable to satisfy the demand in the market defines producer’s surplus. Producer of goods and services face the dilemma of what they are willing and able to supply in the market and the actual amount of the price they get. This difference is referred to as the producer’

London Guide Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

London Guide Book - Essay Example You can get pretty much any drink from a giant skull head filled with punch to a volcano that erupts with your favorite drink of choice. Also a restaurant, Tonteria really has it all. A phenomenal DJ, a good crowd, great drinks and food. Sounds like the perfect Monday to me. A gentlemen’s club? A speak easy? A place for happy endings? To most passersby, La Bodega Negra can mislead anyone. The exterior’s effervescent neon signage displays â€Å"Adult Video† and â€Å"Peep Show†, concealing the exciting restaurant within. With its Mexican street cuisine and the provocative feel of the interiors, the place caters to all your senses. A perfect place for after-work drinks or a full-fledged feast with friends, La Bodega Negra never fails to bring the fun atmosphere, no matter what day of the week it may be. With its impressive menu of cocktails, with special emphasis on its array of specialty tequilas, it may be in your best interest to also peruse the impressive list of tapas and

Water Pollution Essay Example for Free

Water Pollution Essay Water is a necessity to life on earth. All organisms contain it, some drink it, and others inhabit it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive if their water is affluent with toxic chemicals and/or harmful microorganisms. If severe, water pollution can kill large numbers of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases killing all members of a species in an affected area. Water pollution is not only hazardous to water-bond animals it also poses as threat to humans as well. The majority of water pollution occurs when people overload the water environment with wastes. Its defined as contamination of streams, lakes, underground water, bays or oceans by substances harmful to living things. Such things as oil spills, boat fumes, and dumping of trash into the oceans, lakes, and rivers are just a few of the major contributors to water pollution. Throughout the past century water pollution has become a very real problem and solution must be found. First of all, Water pollution presents problems to humans in a few ways. Water pollution makes streams, lakes, and coastal waters unpleasant to look at, to smell, and to swim in, as well as preventing us from drinking it without filtration. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters may be unsafe to eat. People who ingest polluted water can become ill and if theyre exposed for a long time, may develop cancers, or have children with birth defects. There are two types of water pollution; point source and non-point source. Point sources of pollution occur when harmful substances are put directly into a body of water (such as an oil spill). A non-point source is when pollutants enter the water indirectly through environmental changes (like when fertilizer is carried into a stream by rain). The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, and physical materials that lessen the water quality. These pollutants can be separated into seven different classes: Petroleum products, pesticides and herbicides, heavy metals, hazardous materials, excess organic matter, sediment, and finally thermal pollution. The first category is petroleum products. Petroleum products include oil and chemicals from oil are used for fuel, lubrication, plastics manufacturing, and many other purposes. The petroleum products get into water by accidental spills from ships, tanker trucks, and leaky underground storage tanks. Many petroleum products are poisonous if ingested by animals and spilled oil damages the feathers of birds and the fur of animals, often causing numerous deaths among these birds, furred animals, as well as fish. The second category that pollutants can be classified as is pesticides and herbicides. These include chemicals used to kill unwanted animals and plants. An example of this may be something used to keep certain bugs off of fruits or vegetables. These pollutants may be carried into streams by rainwater. If the chemicals in these herbicides and pesticides are not biodegradable they can remain dangerous for a long period of time. When an animal eats a plant that has been treated with certain non-biodegradable chemicals, the chemicals are absorbed into their tissues or the organs. When other animals feed on a contaminated animal, the chemicals are passed up to them. As it goes up through the food chain, the chemical becomes more harmful, so animals at the top of the food chains may suffer cancers, reproductive problems, and death. This can be a very serious problem for many species of animals. The herbicides and pesticides found in some polluted waters dont simple pose a problem to animals; they can also be harmful to humans. More than 14 million Americans drink water contaminated by pesticides, and the EPA estimates that ten percent of wells contain pesticides. These Nitrates can cause a lethal form of anemia called blue baby syndrome in infants. Also there are many other humans that have allergies to these chemicals, and can cause health problems if enough of the contaminated water is digested. Other chemicals that are a problem in the pollution of water are heavy  metals. Heavy metals, such as copper, lead, mercury, and selenium, get into the water from industries, automobile exhaust, mines, and natural soil. Heavy metals also become more harmful as they follow the food chain. When they reach high levels in the body, they can be immediately poisonous, or can result in long-term health problems. They can sometimes cause diarrhea and, over time, liver and kidney damage. Children exposed to lead in water can suffer mental retardation. Fish that have been exposed to mercury can be extremely poisonous to humans if they eat the fish. The fourth classification that is known to pollute waters is hazardous materials. Included in this class are chemical wastes that are toxic, reactive, corrosive, or ignitable. If not treated or stored properly, they can pollute water supplies. Such as in other categories once the hazardous wastes reach one part of the food chain they can be passed on to the animals that depend on them for food. The fifth leading cause of water pollution is excess organic matter. Some examples of excess organic matter are fertilizers and other nutrients used to promote plant growth on farms and in gardens that may fine their way into water. At first the nutrients will help the plants and algae in the water grow, but when they die and settle underwater, microorganisms decompose them, while decomposing them the microorganisms take in oxygen that is dissolved in the water. The oxygen levels in the water may drop so low that fish and other oxygen-dependent animals in the water suffocate, and die, this happens mostly in the Midwest and other such places where there are vast amounts of farm land. Yet another principal cause of the pollution of water is sediment. Sediment is soil particles carried to a stream bed, lake, or ocean, if in large amounts, can also be a pollutant. Soil erosion can damage a stream or lake by adding too much nutrient matter. Sedimentation can also cover stream bed gravel where many fish lay their eggs. Therefore, this can greatly decrease the population of fish in future generations. This is one of the many reasons that soil erosion is trying to be prevented today. The final cause of water pollution, which is often overlooked, is known as Thermal water pollution. Thermal pollution takes place when water is taken from rivers, lakes, or the ocean to be used in factories and power plants. This water is usually returned to the source much warmer than when it was taken. Even a small temperature change in a body of water can drive away the fish and other species that were usually inhabited that particular region, and in conjunction attract other species in place of them. This develops unwanted ecosystems in areas where they should not be. Thermal pollution can speed up the biological processes in plants and animals and/or lower the oxygen level in the water. Fish and other wildlife near the discharge source, may die. So as you can see, water pollution is a very serious problem it is responsible for dramatic decreases of fish and wildlife populations in our, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Water pollutants should also be held accountable for many cases of food poisoning, especially experience in seafood. In order to solve this problem we need to learn about ways for disposing harmful household wastes so they dont end up in sewage treatment plants or landfills. In our yards, we should determine whether or not we need to add nutrients before fertilizers are applied, and look for alternatives where fertilizers may run off into surface waters. We need to preserve existing trees and plant new trees and shrubs to help prevent soil erosion. Around the house we should we need to keep litter, pet waste, leaves, and grass clippings out of gutters and storm drains, and buy as many heavily packaged foods, certain boxes, cartons, bottles, etc that are made with polluting dyes. On a more widespread note, we must be much more careful about the types of pesticides we use, how we transport oil and other harmful materials, and work as hard as we can to prevent soil erosion and excess organic matter. If everyone works together to prevent water pollution this problem can be decreased drastically, if not eliminated. We all depend on water as a part of everyday life, we simply need to make sure that we as humans dont take this for granted, and take every step possible to keep the waters on this Earth as clean as possible. Work Cited Water Pollution, http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/waterpollution.htm. Water Pollution General, http://members.tripod.com/water_pollution_hk/newpage2.htm. Water Pollution, http://www.soton.ac.uk/~engenvir/environment/water/water.html. Sources of Water Pollution, http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/waterpol3.html.

Animal Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Animal Behaviour Essay Animals and their behaviour has been fascinating to behold and even more incredible to experience. Humans have been intrigued at how the most basic creatures can do the most complex things. Ethology or the scientific study of animal behaviour is responsible for numerous breakthroughs in the understanding of the animal world, and in turn the human one. Animal behaviour can range from being altruistic, to funny, to being lessons in teamwork and commitment. Dolphins have been observed to help sick or injured animals, swimming under them for hours at a time and pulling them to the surface so they can breathe. Male emperor penguins form a huddle during the cold and dark winter months where from tens to thousands of penguins lean on each other and gradually shift positions to obtain maximum warmth from the core of the huddle. Geese fly in a V formation as a flock to increase flight efficiency by 71% compared to one goose flying alone. Malaysian ants blow themselves up into a thousand bits of organic dust if they sense a threat to their colony. Elephants are known to mourn their dead. They stand around the body for days and pay respects to the dead elephant by touching their trunks to its body. Many animals, from earthworms to apes, are capable of learned behavior. They can alter their instinctive behavior by drawing on past experiences. With the help of technology, today scientists are able to find out much more about animal behaviour and the ways animals interact. If scientists in the Smithsonian can teach orangutans simple language using computers they can also find out if other animals think like humans. The knowledge they gain will help save wildlife and prevent endangered species from disappearing. So lets hear it for the creepies and crawlies, the slimies and furries who have successfully learnt to establish and protect territories, find food and water, court, mate, reproduce, nurture their young, and play in a mind-boggling array of conditions far beyond our fragile human capacity. â€Å"God gave unto the animals wisdom past our power to see: Each knows innately how to live. Which we must learn laboriously†.

Machines vs. Human Workers

Machines vs. Human Workers Introduction In the recent past, technology has evolved to such an extent that human labour has either been replaced either partially or completely by machines. People, companies and organizations have turned to research on machines as a possible replacement of human labour by. There have been postulations that machines make work easier. Work which was supposed to be done by several people can be done by only one person who is operating a machine. For example, a company has employed twenty people to be carrying some bags from point A to point B. If this company gets a machine with a conveyer belt to run from point A to B, the company will only need one person to operate the machine and the same work which was supposed to be done by twenty people will be done by one person. This fact has made most of the organizations to embrace technology and employ more machine labour than human labour with a view of cutting down the cost of production and at the same time increase the efficiency of work done. T his paper examines the effects of machines on human labour and how they interact. (Oscar, 2010). The need to make production similar in all aspects of the organization was a major problem facing most of the producers. Producers wanted to produce goods and services which were similar with one another. However, human labour was very different. People have different characteristics and behave differently in the same situation. This is also reflected at the work place. Two different people given the same work will not produce exactly similar results. This became an issue and the first solution was the development of protocols which would guide human beings in labour. These protocols would serve as guidelines to the workers in an attempt to produce similar results. However, the strategy did not yield very good results as expected. There was an increase in the administrative labour needs of organizations. In addition, there were a lot of conflicts between the laborers. The white color laborers and blue color were always in conflict. In addition, the companies could not produce the sam e goods. Research showed that the only way to produce similar products was by the use of a machine which led to the advent of machines. Although the first machines were not as advanced as the current ones, the machines replaced human labour partially. With time, a machine could do the work of very many people and thus reducing the need for human labour (Clay, 2010). Loss of Employment As mentioned above, machines have significantly reduced the need for human labour. Machines make work easier. With the advent of machines, an individual using a machine can perform work which would have needed several people to carry out. A machine will only need one person to operate it and then carry out duties which needed many people. An example is the transport industry. Initially, horses used to be the main means of transport. Each horse would need one individual to transport a person. However, the horses have been replaced by vehicles, planes and trains. These machines have completely replaced the need for horses and their operators. For one horse, one operator was needed and only one person could be transported. Currently, a train can carry one thousand people and with only one operator. In the normal case, transportation of one thousand people would have needed one thousand operators of the horses. However, the train has replaced the rest of nine hundred and ninety nine oper ators rendering them jobless. Machines carry out their functions with a lot of efficiency. Machines are continuously improved to work faster and become more efficient. Machines carry out the functions of human beings at relatively higher speed as compared to human beings. In the transportation of goods from one place to another, a machine can move at a speed which is one thousand times more than the human being or even more. The implication of this is that work which would have needed one thousand days of human labour will only need one day of machine labour. As a result, the machine will replace one thousand days of human labour with one day of human labour. An individual would have worked for a thousand days without the machine. This is thus reduced to just one day. If only two thousands day equivalent of human labour was available, the person will only work for two days only making him or her jobless for the rest of the remaining days (Penslar, 1995). The combination of the fact that a machine can carry out work of several individuals at the same time and do work faster than humans makes it displace human beings effectively. A machine will perform a certain duty faster than human beings and at the same time perform duties of several human beings at the same time. Most organizations will opt to use machines which will reduce the cost of operation by reducing the number of people needed for the job. Machines are therefore being a favorite for most of manufacturers. They will buy and install as many machines as possible so as to minimize human labour as much as possible. The end result will be a situation where very few people are needed for the running of an organization while the rest of the people are replaced by machines. Advancement of Capitalism Machines reduce the need of the company management of employing human workers. The organization will only need to buy a machine and then the organization will not pay human beings salaries and wages. The money which was supposed to be paid as wages and salaries is maintained by the organization as profit. Thus, the machines will divert the money which was supposed to be given to several people to the pocket of one individual. The owner of the organization will continue increasing his profit while the rest of the people who would have served as employees to the organization continue getting poorer as they do not have an income. The income for more than a thousand people will end up going to one person. This means that the people who have the capital to buy machines are more likely become rich while those without capital will become poor. Companies will invest more in buying technology. The organizations will buy software which is for replacement of the administrative duties of the human beings. Software will be designed such that it can perform most of the administrative duties in the organization. This makes the software very expensive and thus making the organizations which make such software benefit much from them. The result will be a boom in the software manufacturing industries. Thus, organizations and institutions which train people on the skills of performing certain job will become obsolete. An organization, for example, training people on the way to ride a horse for transport will become useless as no one will need such people. The machines are thus replacing the need to acquire certain skills. The training institutions for such skills will therefore not be needed and the people employed in those institutions become jobless. Replacement of Human Beings with Robots Part of the functions of human beings has been replaced by machines and robots. In some cases, the functions of human beings have been replaced completely. For example, in the transit of goods in production from one section to another has been replaced completely by the robots. These robots are able to move the goods at very high speed from one region to another without any delays. The machine will work without fatigue and thus can work for even twenty four hours per day. Some of the robots will need the input of human beings as a controller while others will not need such a controller. Depending on whether the robot needs human control or not, there can be complete replacement or partial replacement. Robots which need some human control are better because they do no replace completely the human labour. However, some machines and robots will replace humans completely since they need no human input in their running. They are just programmed and thus run without needing any input from human being. There however some instances in which human labour are very essential. An example is the medical field. Although there have been a lot of advances in medicine, it has become almost impossible to replace human labour with robots (Peterson, 2010). In the diagnosis, robot cannot accurately make a diagnosis. Even with advancement in technology in the medical field, there is no machine which is intelligent enough to carry out the functions of the doctor. Thus, although the machines are taking over most of human functions, there are some of the functions which the machine cannot perform (Williamson, 2000). Human beings have an advantage than robot in that they are intelligent. Human beings are able to think and adjust according to the situation. For example, during an operation, a human being is able to feel the force of pulling a suturing thread and estimate the need for applying more or less energy. However, a robot can easily cause damage because it does not have the feedback mechanism which human being has making it not appropriate for the performance of the specific functions which need a lot of intelligence. Human beings can look at a situation and think on the best way forward (Sheila, 2006). However, a robot or a machine will perform a certain duty in the same manner in all the cases making it not very appropriate for tasks which need thinking (Stevenson, 2010). Advantages of Machines over Human Beings Machines have very many advantages as compared to humans. First, machines perform work faster than human beings. Machines have a very high efficiency and they perform certain tasks at a faster rate than humans (Penslar, 1995). As outlined above, a machine can perform work which human being can take a thousand days in one day. This makes it efficient for the performance of most of duties especially where the time is a limiting factor. An organization will employ machines which will enable it produce a lot of goods or services within a short duration of time. With a machine, an organization will be able to beat all the deadlines and ensure that there are no delays to their customers. Machines have an advantage that they do not get exhausted. As opposed to human labour, most of machines can work for a full day without getting fatigued. This makes them be able to perform tasks which need to be performed throughout. For example, a lift can work for twenty four hours without getting exhausted. This makes it appropriate for use in the buildings. If it were a human being he or she would not be able to withstand the work and would eventually lose control. A machine is also not governed by the laws of labour concerning its working hours as opposed to the human beings who will only work for eight hours per day and any hour above that will be paid as overtime. Machines will not have overtime. Machines are not paid. Although their acquisition is very expensive, they do not need to be paid a salary or a wage. They do not need allowances like human beings. This makes them very cost effective. The money which the organization would have used as salaries forms part of the profit. The organization reduces its cost of production by a high percentage as the machines will replace the need of human labour and thus making it cheap for the organization to operate. The only expenses for the machines are its acquirement and its maintenance which is far much less than what would be the cost of paying employees if they were the ones working. Machines are able to products which are similar. A machine will operate in the same way and will not vary with time. Where it has been adjusted, it produces the goods with that standard. This is very important especially in mass productions where the organization needs to produce a lot of goods which are similar with one another. It makes it easier to test the quality of the goods since just a sample is needed and it acts as a representative of the rest of the products. The sample is a true representation since the machine produced goods which were all the same. For example, in the packaging of oil in the oil cans by ExxonMobil, all the cans contain the same volume and quality of oil as long as the settings were not altered. Thus when someone wants to tests the quality of goods being produced, he or she will just need to test one product. Machines are not vulnerable to corruption. Corruption is gaining root in most of the places especially in the third world countries. To reduce this corruption, machines are employed. A machine will apply one standard to all situations regardless of whatever situation presents. This is as opposed to human beings where a brother or a friend may receive favors of the person in charge. For example, in the automated betting systems, the machine is able to decide without bias who has won which is opposed to a situation where a human being is in control and therefore will be biased (Thompson, 2003). Disadvantages of Machines over Human Beings Machines are at times not able to completely replace human beings. Machines are not able to think and conform to the situation at hand (Zainab, 2010). A machine will not be able to adjust according to the situation so as to make it possible for it to do the best at that time. A machine cannot notice that there needs to be a change in the actions since the environment demands a different way of operation. Human beings can adjust to the situation and change accordingly. A machine will only operate on commands and without the commands, the machines will not operate. What the machine or the robot has been commanded will form its actions until a different command is given (Ridley, 1998). Machines have reduced the need for human labour. Human labour has lost mean because of its cost and its effectiveness. Organizations sack people and their duties taken over by machines. Employees will lose their way of life and make them baggers. Most people will become jobless as the machines take over all the functions of humans. With very efficient and effective machines being produced, they can completely replace all the functions of human beings in an organization. An organization will depend almost completely on the machine for the labour. Conclusion Technology has gone to a very high level in the recent years. Technology has concentrated on making work easier and reduces the need for employing many people. This has led to the decrease in the importance of human labour. People have been losing jobs and their duties played by the machines. The machines have the advantage that they are faster and more effective. They enable an organization to meet its deadlines and thus avoid a situation where the organization is not able to carry its duties in time. On the other hand, machines lead to loss of jobs for people and thus making them not have an income.

Cross-Dressing in Shakespeares Twelfth Night and As You Like It Essay

Cross-Dressing in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and As You Like It In Shakespeare's plays Twelfth Night and As You Like It both of the lead female characters dress as men. Both plays are comedies and the change in gender is used as a joke, but I think it goes much deeper. A woman can become a man, but only if it is not permanent. The affect of the change cannot be too great because she must change back to female once everything is settled. They are strong female characters, but must become men to protect themselves and ultimately solve the problem of the play. In the book Desire and Anxiety: The Circulation of Sexuality in Shakespearian Drama Valerie Traub calls the characters, "the crossed-dressed heroine who elicits and enjoys multiple erotic investments" (Traub 17). They can only acts this way when they are dressed as men. They return to their passive and nonsexual ways when they change back to women's clothing. In both plays the women are not in their own lands, Viola being shipwrecked on a strange land and Rosalind being banished from the cour t and wandering in the forest. Both women disguise themselves as men for protection. On the way to the forest Celia says to Rosalind, â€Å"Now go we in content/ To liberty and not to banishment† (1.3.137-138). Liberty in this line is the freedom they get overcoming the restrictions of a female role (Erikson 22). Dressing as a man is the way the women protect themselves, but as the plays progress the roles they play as men begin to influencing their actions and attitudes. The definition of a man by what he wears is so strong that in Twelfth Night Orsino still refers to Viola as her male name Cersario even after he learns she is a woman and decides to marry her. "Cersario, come/ F... ...e roles are right. Men are manly taking care of their women by marrying them and women are in their correct roles under their husbands. Works Cited Erickson, Peter. Patriarchal Structures in Shakespeare’s Drama. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985. Greenblatt, Stephen general ed. Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katharine Eiasman Maus eds. The Norton Shakespeare. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997. Orgel, Stephen. Impersonations: The Performance of Gender In Shakespeare’s England. Cambridge: University Press, 1996. Traub, Valerie. Desire and Anxiety: Circulation of Sexuality in Shakespearean Drama. London: Routledge, 1992. Notes: More of the definition of a female’s role in Shakespearean England can be found at http://drama.pepperdine.edu/shakespeare/romeoandjuliette in the essay Female Sovereignty in Renaissance England.

Instant Essay -- Creative Writing Essays

Instant I'll always remember Instant. That was the nickname the men had tacked onto the muscled giant that wielded the M60 in my unit. "Instant" was short for "Instant Death." And I'll always remember the first time I saw Instant in action. I was a new Lieutenant assigned to Vietnam. Back then, the Army didn't try to develop any "team spirit" within the corps; men were rotated frequently before any friendships developed. Consequently, my men were a group of strangers united only by the need to survive. They were eighteen- and nineteen-year-olds with the eyes of old men. My first real assignment was to check a tiny hamlet, Dien Hoa. Army Intelligence believed the Viet Cong were operating from Dien Hoa. Our job was to determine if that was correct. We rode in an olive-drab chopper. The whooping blades of the helicopter give us a little relief from the relentless heat of 'Nam; the blades cut the thick, humid air and pushed a breeze downward over the passenger compartment. Soon, we circled the landing zone. The LZ looked cold. There's only one way to find out if it is really cold, I thought as I double checked my M16. If no one zapped us when we entered, it was cold. If they did, it wasn't. "Lock and load," I yelled. The helicopter circled low and slowed down until it almost hovered four feet from the ground. The door gunner mashed the spade grips on his .30 caliber M60 machine gun. The gun spewed bullets over the field below us. It was time to jump off the skids while we skimmed above the surface of the lush, green valley. My stomach felt like it was turning wrong-side-out. We dropped into the grass, stumbling under heavy packs and the weight of ammo and weapons. I wondered about snakes and hoped the groan I mad when I hit the ground was drowned by the noise of the helicopters. Though the helicopter gunner continued firing into the heavy growth to the north of them, there was no return fire. We were safe for the moment. "OK," I yelled signaling with my hands the way you're not supposed to. Hand signals are a good way to mark yourself as the leader. It's just the thing enemy snipers watch for. But few of my twenty-seven men could hear me over the roar and firing of the helicopters. I had no choice. "Move out. On the double," I ordered. The choppers lifted. We were on our own. The soldiers started with the usual complaining b... ...prized buck. We made careful, deliberate shots. One after another, the black, running forms crumpled. With a final flurry of shooting, only a lone Charlie managed to escape into the grove of trees below. The bodies of the VC dotted the open hillside. Sporadic last shots ended the lives of the few wounded who continued to stir below us. Complete silence reigned for a few moments, then Blake yelled an obscenity at the last Cong who had eluded us. Silence. "We did it," I simply said, my words falling flat. A weak cheer went down the line; one man dropped to his knees and cried. Even though we'd all felt as good as dead, we realized we had won. Afterward, waiting with the wounded and dead for dustoff, I thought about the firefight. Instants selfless deed had saved our skins. It was little wonder the men had so much respect for the soldier. I studied him for a moment. He sat by himself beneath a tree, carefully cleaning his M60 like a mother washing a baby. He wore a bandage over his right eye and a second on his arm; except for those minor wounds, he had managed to come through the fight uninjured. And he'd shown a green lieutenant and his men what true bravery was.

Its the End of the World as We Know it, and I Feel Fine :: essays research papers

It's the End of the World as We Know it, and I Feel Fine Earl. It rhymed with girl. He always took a lot of heat for that. But that was before the Easter egg. The extraordinary Easter egg. Earl’s extraordinary Easter egg†¦ He got it as a gift from his mean cousin Katie that never was and never will be nice to him (she kept teasing his name). It looked like nothing special to him. Probably just some chocolate inside but it definitely wasn’t an ordinary egg. This egg contained extra-terrestrial contents that have enormous potential. As he unwrapped the cheap aluminum wrapper encasing the egg, a little note fell out. At first, what seemed like an encoded language scribbled on the note moved its lines around and became American English. This is the pod of life and destruction. In the pod contains objects from the seventh dimension. Its purpose is to continue the mere existence of the universe by destroying much of it. 3,465,735,180,261 EUs received  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  32 EUs needed Note: The reader of this is cursed with the occupation of feeding the pod the energy it needs to complete its objective. Nice prank Kate but this is too stupid to be funny or scary, Earl thought. As he was about to throw it out, he noticed that the egg felt warm to his touch. He easily broke open the plastic shell and inside was a very strange looking object. It looked like a cool blue rock that shimmered like water. It felt like slick rubber but it bended and changed shape like Jell-o. This is weird, Earl though. As he was running out the kitchen door to ask Katie about this, the â€Å"thing† slipped out of his hand and a bounced straight up a couple hundred feet. While it was still going up, it disappeared. Uh-oh, Earl thought, it’s going to do whatever it’s supposed to do! Then, it warped back into existence right in the palm of Earl’s hand! Weird, Earl thought, better not tell Katie right away. At night, he put the pod under his pillow. It just made him feel safer when it’s in his hands than in his parents bedroom. Next morning, he felt really tired. He glanced at the slip and was shocked at the numbers on it. It read that instead of 32 EUs needed, it only said 3. Uh-oh, I looked at the back of the slip and found more words on it.

Bra Boys Analysis

The identity of the Bra Boys can be seen through their values and attitudes. They are presented through the Cody, the value of brother ship and Attitude of brother ship through their tattoos and being there for each other. In part 1 of Bra boys, the Boys had taken Jesse Pollock and other younger people on trips to surf. This had been carried on from what the other Bra Boys did for Cody and his friends. This shows their values of their society and community, as they are willing to give the younger generations to toughen up and be free with the surf. This shows htat apart from their devilish side, they also have the value of family and friendship with the younger generation. The Bra Boy’s value towards the beach is shown to be their lifesaver. The beach and surf is everything to them. Sunny Abberton, a Bra boy said â€Å"The surf, had saved so many kids around here, that have led them to a lifestyle of the ocean instead of a lifestyle in crime. † Showing that the beach has saved them on accounts and they have an optimistic value of the beach. Values of the Bra boys is brother ship, as they had each other’s back. When 2 people had a fight with authorities in a party during Christmas, everyone got into the brawl. This shows how the value of being together in the Bra boys is strong. One major values the boys have is having fun with others. In the serious of montages, the Bra Boys are shown to be jumping on each other, setting alight each other and each them jump off the cliffs and even jumping on a bus. This shows that they highly value fun in their lives as they want all the fun. This scene plays with the light hearted tune, this influences the value of fun in the Bra Boys life and their value of belonging as they do what they want and what they believe is right. That is the idenity presented as a Bra Boy. To have fun their own way. Survival and a sense of belonging. The Bra boys values of survival is shown as they survived from various gangs, depression, fights and drugs. They had shown that they want to survive for the beach, as it is their legacy. For the Bra Boys, they showed a sense of belonging by helping each other through tough times and helping the younger generations. The Bra Boy’s identity of attitudes is shown that they have each other backs and that they do not wish to do harm. Their attitudes towards the police is hatred as they were in a fight with the authorities. However, the authorities lost but the media had portrayed them to be the victims. The police thinks the Bra boys as criminals and always suspects them, thus they have a negative attitude towards the police. The attitude towards people similar to the bra boys in the past, cold, hurt ad alone. The Bra Boy’s have the attitude of being there for those to toughen them up and be the Bra boys just as the older Bra Boys did the same thing to them. The attitude towards Ma shows their love and symbolizes what Ma is to them. Their love and kindness in comparison the language used in the other parts of the film shows how they value and their attitude towards their caretaker and the start of the Bra Boys. Their tone and voise is different in comparison to the other tones that is used. Not only that, there is something that is only presented in this scene that the Bra Boys does. This type of body language shows their affectiong and their attitudes towards Ma as she is the most important person to the Bra Boys. They Hugged her.

Defending Liberal Arts Essay

William Butler Yeats is accredited with once give tongue to Education is non the gorgeing of a pail, scarce the lighting of a fire. It seems this diction no hourlong rings true up todays preferred fosterage encompasses the regurgitation of technical jargon in the hopes of finding a rent out. People forthwith deem imperfect tense Arts score worth little its too dearly-won and impractical in todays job market. The sciences and c atomic number 18er colleges be where the jobs lie. In the battle over higher culture, through and through his iconoclastic article The New devoid Arts, Sanford J. Ungar stands as a lone reformer against an onslaught of misperceptions.I for one equip with and applaud his effort, although he could use approximately additional support in presenting any(prenominal) of his counter arguments. Unger first battles the misperception of the value in a innocent progressive tense humanistic discipline arc spirit level for first-generation, lower in come college bookmans these degrees are for the elect upper-class. As Ungars imagined antagonists put it, A across-the-board arts degree is a sumptuosity that most families keep no eight-day afford. Career statement is what we now mustiness focus on (191). Ungar contends that although skyrocketing tuition makes it progressively difficult to pay for a college training it is now a more than(prenominal) provident investment than ever before (191). keep his crusade against naysayers by suggesting that the career schooling bandwagon (191) is non a smart investment, maintain that It is far wiser for students to prepare for changeand the triune careers they are likely to exhaustthan to assay for a single job course of instruction that might one day run short a dead end. (191) Ungar shows the pitf solelys of having a narrowly focused education. Moreover, Ungar seems utterly disgusted with the purpose that an education in the wanton arts is one for the upper class, the rich and the inner(a) those who are non of this stratification are better conform to implementing the ideas of the elite, non advent up with ideas of their stimulate (192).He brands these accusations as condescending (192) and prejudice (193) and rejects the idea that the wage-earning tho duty is to implement the ideas of the upper-class. I desire that Ungar is correct on these assertions however, Ungars argument would be better served if he acquiesced to the fact that a college education, oftentimes less one in the liberal arts, is not right for everyone. Higher education is not a one size fits all discipline. There has to be more or less to fill the factories, work the land, pave the roads and baron the service industry.Unger is accurate in utter that the liberal arts should be usable to everyone and everyone could benefit from this type of true education nonetheless not everyone is suited for much(prenominal) an education. The misperception that the liberal arts are for the elite is one that has been heard before entirely not nearly as much as the old employers do not want to operate people with unusable degrees line which Unger obliterates with his next argument. Ungar continues his defense of a liberal arts education by refuting the claim that employers no longer hire someone with a useless degree, such as French.Showing how not only a specific degree such as a foreign wording is one that is wanted by employers but the usefulness of other liberal arts degrees, emphasizing A 2009 survey for the friendship of American Colleges and Universities actually found that more than three-quarters of our nations employers recommend that college-bound students postdate a liberal education. (192) Ungar deals with this common misconception methodically by first stating what people believe and then contesting that belief with facts diversified with his own opinions.Although he is correct and he brandishes put down facts to back up his assertions Ungar may have missed the mark by not including actual job numbers. By displaying prescribed proof that those who have a liberal arts degree are more likely to get a job in any field and by showing those jobs are more paying(a) for degree holders than those who are not, Ungar could put the peg down in the coffin naysayers.For his next pane of perception breaking, Ungar skirmishes with the following idea Liberal arts degrees are antiquated, the Sciences and Career colleges are where the smart money is, and the STEM handle are much better suited for todays economic reality. Ungar contests this misperception by showing that a degree in liberal arts also includes the sciences. He illustrates that a traditional liberal arts degree includes the sciences the historical basis of a liberal education is in the classical artes liberales, comprising the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) and the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music) (193). Many of Ungars points are re asonable his handling of this misperception is deft and detailed. However, I smell that Ungar is stretching with his response to this argument. Although a liberal arts degree does offer some glimpses into the STEM disciplines, it is not comparable to a degree in those specialties.A student wishing to become a pharmacist would not be well served engage a degree in History. In showing that these misperceptions are just that, Sanford Ungar single-handedly makes the case for a classical liberal arts education. He does a wonderful job tackling the misperceptions being thrown round today about a college degree in the liberal arts. He takes for to each one one one of these common misconceptions and thoroughly disproves each claim skillfully and without hesitation. By doing so he reopens the door to higher education. maybe if he and others like him continue to award the onslaught of misinformation doled out upon the masses we can return to a world where a traditional liberal arts e ducation is once again commended and no longer forsworn. Works CitedUngar, Sanford. The New Liberal Arts. They hypothesise I Say The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing with readings. Eds. Gerald Graff, Kathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst. New York W.W. Norton and alliance Ltd, 2012.190-196. Print.

Riordan Enterprise Risk Management Plan

Riordan Manufacturing is a Fortune 1000 comp all that specializes in the fictile injection molding industry. They are an global company with facilities in California, Georgia, Michigan, and China. Their products embroil beverage containers, plastic fan parts, and custom plastic parts. Riordan prides themselves on their industry leading research and resurrectment (University of Phoenix, 2009). The pastime enterprisingness Risk Management (ERM) pattern was developed for Riordan Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries.The destruction of this plan is to help mitigate any sound liability on the part of Riordan by enforceing the delegation of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread centering Commission (COSO) good example (Jennings, 2006). Alternative Dispute occlusion Alternative Dispute Resolution is a panache of resolving differences outside of the courtroom. This includes anything from informal negotiations, to formal create verbally arbitration (Jennings, 2006). Currently, R iordan keeps an attorney on retainer entirely does non buzz off a trash issue in movement, thus if a conflict were to escalate, they would non fuck off a resolution plan in process.It is in Riordans best interest to have a mediation process in locating to help settle disputes. The reasoning is mediation is cheaper than another(prenominal) dispute resolution methods, especially litigation, and it nurtures the confidentiality of the parties involved (Peters and Mastin, 2007). Riordans internal legal council will work without delay with the law firm on retainer to develop a mediation process with varying levels of triggers found on levels of risk. In doing so, Riordan should set up a process for which their internal legal department butt joint overcompensate the brunt of the load to further wince costs. go-ahead indebtedness Enterprise Liability suggests that those who profit from a risk should also bear the cost of accidents that jump from that risk (Keating, 2001). With manufacturing plants in several views, including internationally, there is hearty risk of an accident, of which Riordan would be liable for. Riordan exits employees with basic tuition and an employee manual of arms outlining relevant laws (University of Phoenix, 2009). However, there currently is not a monitoring dust or a proactive detection system in lieu to detect any transgressions.In the employee manual, Riordan outlines a tight discipline system. However, when looking through employee records, there is no record of any discipline associated with employees who violated the attention form _or_ system of government (University of Phoenix, 2009). This leads to speculation that Riordan does not follow any of their discipline policies. If these records were obtained in a legal dispute it would leave Riordan extremely vulnerable. Employee records should be centralized and program lineled field of operation where they can be properly assigned. Product LiabilityProduct Liability is delimit as, Legal province of the manufacturers, wholesellers, retailers to the buyers or make use ofrs of the damages or injuries caused by the use of defective products (Legal-Explainations. com, n. d. ). With several manufacturing attitudes, Riordan focuses on t oneness and the excreting of defects in its manufacturing process by applying ISO 9000, and the Six Sigma standards for production, shipping, and spirit control (University of Phoenix, 2009). However, they have no company-wide standards in emplacement for dealing with property control.For example, the Pontiac site has internal memos discussing quality control issues, yet no one took duty to take action. Riordan will assume a prodigious totality of risk if it is discovered that they were aware of the quality control issues, yet took no action. Riordan should immediately implement a whistle-blower policy to encourage employees to wrap up any compliance or quality control issues. In addition, Riord an should set up a police squad of individuals to work with an independent third party to handle these reports. International natural lawRiordans China location is a joint venture with their Chinese partners discourse everything from labor, capital, regulations, and hazardous waste cleanup. The officers and directors of Riordan have no really authority over their Chinese partners, nor do they have any legal counsel there for foul (University of Phoenix, 2009). Riordan should extend their internal legal department to include staff with expertise in Chinese regulative compliance. Tangible Property Tangible Property is defined as the type of property we can natter and touch (Jennings, 2006). At separately of Riordans locations, they maintain a variety of angible property, such as ecumenical office equipment, transportation equipment, and information technology equipment. Riordan must(prenominal) develop a better system to itinerary the purchase, and use of this equipment, in cluding commission of leases, maintenance, and general accounting guidelines. Riordan also maintains a supply of raw materials at each location. However, there is not currently a process in place of investigating any lose material (University of Phoenix, 2009). It is recommended that Riordan develop a process for documenting the broad inventory process from delivery to use in order to assist any investigation into missing materials.In addition, Riordan take to develop a practically more robust security and emergency plan to protect these assets from theft or other damages. happy Property Intellectual Property or impalpable property is defined as bundles of rights with respect to goodwill, business names, copyrights, patents, trade dress, trade secrets (Jennings, 2006). Riordan maintains various trademarks, patents, copyrights, software, and trade secrets. The security system of these assets is imperative to their future.Riordan needs to develop a system to identify their e xisting intellectual property and how to protect that property, such as restricted areas to store data, encryption, and handle background checks on employees especially those with access to keen materials, and the use of non-disclosure agreements. In additions, copyrights, patents and trademarks must be registered and keep (Jennings, 2006). Legal Forms of personal line of credit Riordan is a corporation with, outright duration, free transferability of interest, limited liability for shareholders/owners, continuity, and centralized management, (Jennings, 2006).This eliminates ad hominem liability from officers, directors, and shareholders with the exception of negligence (Jennings, 2006). However, they are expect to act in the best interest of the company. This includes following all applicable tax laws and regulations. Riordan must utter the varying pay and accounting systems that each location currently uses. The existing process is slow and because of the manual data entr y increases the chance of error. Riordan should implement one accounting system for the entire company to use. term expensive upfront, this system will cut deal on the amount of manual work that is postulate and over time will significantly reduce cost. In addition, Riordan is a publicly traded company, which means it must comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (Jennings, 2006). With Riordans current finance and accounting systems, this would be extremely difficult. Governance collective governance is defined as a way in which a company protects itself with a framework of rules and practices by which the Board of Directors ensure accountability, fairness, and transparency (BusinessDictionary. com, n. d. ).Riordan needs to elect a Board of Directors to oversee the management of the company in addition they will provide guidance for the senior management and any outdoor(a) auditors. As Riordan implements the ERM framework, the board should be consulted to make updates fo r the amount of risk they want to assume and adjust policy as they see fit. ? References BusinessDictionary. com. (n. d. ). BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved from http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/corporate-governance. html Jennings, M. M. (n. d. ). Business Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment (7th ed. ). Keating, G. C. (2001).The Theory of Enterprise Liability. Vanderbuilt Law Review. Retrieved from http//law. vanderbilt. edu/publications/vanderbilt-law-review/archive/volume-54-number-3-april-2001/download. aspx? id=2846 Legal-Explainations. com. (n. d. ). Legal-Explainations. com. Retrieved from http//www. legal-explanations. com/definitions/product-liability. htm Peters, R. J. , and Mastin, D. B. (2007, May July). To mediate or not to mediate That is the question. Dispute Resolution Journal, 62(2), 14-21. University of Phoenix. (2004). Riordan Manufacturing Computer Software. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Simulation, Law 531 website.

Management Yesterday and Today

eighth adaptation Steven P. harles Renard C Robbins bloody shame colter acquisition outline adhere this schooling digest as you establish and lead this chapter. o? diachronic scope of cargon ? scientific heed o? universal administrative Theorists o? valued move up to caution ? Toward grounds organisational carriage o? The carcasss progression o? The possibility access 22 diachronic compass of steering ? past caution O Egypt (pyramids) and mainland China (Great W any) O Venetians (floating warship aggregation lines) ? ten smith O promulgated The riches of Nations in 1776 v Advocated he divider of poke ( ponder specialization) to climbment the productiveness of give wayers ? industrial rotation O Substituted railroad car index finger for homo moil O Created extended administrations in necessity of expression 23 increment of major solicitude Theories stage 2. 1 24 major access codees to concern ? scientific heed ? global administrat ive surmisal ? duodecimal charge ? organisational behavior ? formations come out ? adventure on stigmatise ? 25 scientific concern ? Fredrick Winslow Taylor O The sire of scientific way O produce Principles of scientific guidance (1911) vAssociated try on scientific solicitude hypothesis in Healthc beThe possibility of scientific counseling ? apply scientific slipway to fixate the one and only(a) and only(a) take up way for a pipeline to be by dint of ? putt the even up somebody on the job with the subdue tools and equipment. ? Having a similar method of doing the job. ? Providing an economic inducement to the acidifyer. 26 Taylors quaternity Principles of counsel 1.? bring out a apprehension for separately ingredient of an privates charm, which bequeath interchange the senile rule-of-thumb method. 2.? scientific every last(predicate)y accept and whence train, teach, and develop the proletarian. 3.? cordially befriend with the role p layers so as to stop up that all bet is through n conformism with the principles of the scholarship that has been actual. 4.? organise out work and right more(prenominal) or less(prenominal) evenly in the midst of c atomic number 18 and workers. showing 2. 2 27 scientific counsel (contd) ? bo under and Lillian Gilbreth O pore on increase worker productivity through the reducing of work-shy operation O highly-developed the microchronometer to clip worker deeds and optimise military machine operation ? How Do at onces Managers ingestion scientific guidance? O usance cartridge clip and motion studies to increase productivity O accept the trounce dependant employees O intent motivator placements ground on payoff 28General administrative Theorists ? Henri Fayol O Believed that the employment of trouble was explicit from former(a) transcriptional functions O demonstrable 14 principles of care that utilise to all organizational situations ? pocket weber O genuine a system of way found on an model feeling of organization (bureaucracy) v accentuate rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical competence, and totalism 29 Fayols 14 Principles of wariness 1.? cleavage of work. 7.? Remuneration. 2.? Authority. 8.? Centralization. 3.? Discipline. 9.? scalar chain. 4.? mavin of command. 10.? Order. 5.? ace of direction. 11.? Equity. 6.? domination of man-to-man saki to the interests of the organization. 12.? perceptual constancy of tenure of personnel. 13.? Initiative. 14.? Esprit de corps. uncover 2. 3 210 webers sublime bureaucracy testify 2. 4 211 numeric show up to caution ? valued burn up O also called operations investigate or decimatement attainment O Evolved from mathematical and statistical methods developed to decide WWII military logistics and quality hear problems O Focuses on improve managerial stopping point qualification by applying v Statistics, optimization mode ls, training models, and omputer simulations 212 judgement organisational doings ? organisational expression (OB) O The involve of the actions of the great unwashed at work wad are the close to grave asset of an organization ? early(a) OB Advocates O Robert Owen O Hugo Munsterberg O bloody shame Parker Follett O Chester Barnard 213 early on Advocates of OB depict 2. 5 214 The Hawthorne Studies ? A serial publication of productivity experiments conducted at occidental galvanising from 1927 to 1932. ? observational findings O productiveness by luck increase under obligate wayward working(a) conditions. O The loading of incentive plans was less than expected. ? search destruction O favorable norms, gathering standards and attitudes more strongly govern someone end product and work behavior than do financial incentives. 215 The Systems preliminary ? System delimit O A set of co-ordinated and dependent part lay in a manner that produces a unified whol e. ? staple fiber Types of Systems O closed systems v be non influenced by and do not interact with their surround (all system comment and product is internal). O receptive systems v dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are istributed into their environments. 216 The judicature as an give System disclose 2. 6 217 The misadventure come along ? hazard Approach specify O similarly sometimes called the situational approach. O in that location is no one universally relevant set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. O arrangings are on an individual basis several(predicate), flavor different situations (contingency variables), and entreat different ways of managing. 218 customary misfortune Variables ? Organization sizing ? Routineness of tax engineering ? environmental irresolution ? person differences adjoin 2. 7 219